The Handmaid s Warning By Margaret Atwood - 1363 Words

The Handmaid’s Warning What will the future bring? What will happen as feminists speak out, women work out of home, pornography spreads and is battled, and the desire for children dwindles? Perhaps life on Earth will improve. Maybe women will have the rights they demand, porn will be defeated, and people will respect women’s bodies. Maybe mothers will miraculously have the perfect number of children: just the right amount to keep the population within its limits. Or perhaps a deterioration will occur, as Margaret Atwood predicted in The Handmaid’s Tale. Atwood’s setting is futuristic, compelling, and terrifyingly believable. Her main character relates to the readers as real people. Her themes laced in the plot, from exposition to resolution, stem from conflicts with other characters, inner struggles, and heart wrenching losses. Readers are captivated as Atwood intertwines her literary elements, and warns the audience of a possible reality. Margaret Atwood tells the tale of a handmaid, and Atwood enlightens those partaking of her vision to the potential of such a degenerate future. The Handmaid’s Tale is set later in time, still on Earth, not too far from the present, but with a starkly contrasting society. This new world functions in the same general buildings, such as a school gymnasium, where the protagonist reflects on her knowledge of the games â€Å"from pictures,† and cheerleaders that had â€Å"miniskirts, then pants, then in one earring, spiky green-streaked hair,† (AtwoodShow MoreRelatedThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1249 Words   |  5 PagesDystopian Research Essay: The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood In the words of Erika Gottlieb With control of the past comes domination of the future. A dystopia reflects and discusses major tendencies in contemporary society. The Handmaid s Tale is a dystopian novel written by Margaret Atwood in 1985. The novel follows its protagonist Offred as she lives in a society focused on physical and spiritual oppression of the female identity. Within The Handmaid s Tale it is evident that through the explorationRead MoreOppression Of Women In The Handmaids Tale1732 Words   |  7 Pagesthat â€Å"better never means better for everyone [...] it always means worse, for some† (Atwood, 244). This accurately describes the nature of patriarchal societies, such as the society that is described by Margaret Atwood in The Handmaid’s Tale. The Republic of Gilead is a patriarchal society that has religious, and patriarchal values that benefit the men in the society, at the expenses of the women of the society. Atwood also develops the oppressive natu re of the society through the use of her stylisticRead MoreMargaret Atwood s The Handmaid s Tale Essay1724 Words   |  7 Pagesdystopian future of Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale women’s bodies are used as political instruments. Because if the harmful pollution in the United States, a new Constitution has been made to address and correct the decline in birth rates. To do this the government has created Handmaids. Handmaids â€Å"are placed in the households of [army] Commanders whose Wives can no longer bear† babies anymore (Cameron 299). The future of the Republic of Gilead depends on the Handmaids ability to have aRead MoreTheme Of Women In The Handmaids Tale1239 Words   |  5 PagesIn Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, women have one purpose- to reproduce. Offred, the protagonist, subjects to the command of Gilead, a dystopian society â€Å"in which a brutal patriarchal regime deprives women of power and subjectivity, enslaving them through a sophisticated, ubiquitous apparatus of surveillance† (Cooper 49). She is under the stringent control of the Commander. In the mid-1980’s, the President of the United States was assassinated and an oppressive group of people seizes controlRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1328 Words   |  6 Pagesoccur, as Margaret Atwood predicted in The Handmaid’s Tale. Atwood’s setting is futuristic, compelling, and terrifyingly believable. Her main character relates to the readers as real people. Her themes laced in the plot, from exposition to resolution, stem from conflicts with other characters, inner struggles, and heart wrenching losses. Readers are captivated as Atwood intertwines her literary elements, and warns the audience of a possible reality. Margaret Atwood tells the tale of a handmaid, and AtwoodRead MoreThe Reconstruction Of Power By Margaret Atwood943 Words   |  4 PagesHaley Hollimon LTC Bozeman EN 102, L19 3 February 2015 The Reconstruction of Power Throughout The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood utilizes various elements of fiction to develop and question the concept of power and control in the patriarchal society of Gilead. Offred, the main Handmaid, is the instrument of which Atwood delivers her message about corruption and power. Offred’s vague diction, unreliable characterization, and erratic tone illustrate the distress of this transitional society (AbcarianRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale Tv Series By Margaret Atwood1291 Words   |  6 Pagesreproductive capabilities. This is the bleak dystopian reality portrayed in Hulu’s TV series, The Handmaids’ Tale. The show is not just another sci-fi fantasy. This show serves as a warning for viewers, reminding us that progress should not be taken for granted as it can be reversed, and complacency can lead to crisis. The Handmaid’s Tale TV series is based on the book of the same title, written in 1985 by Margaret Atwood. Set in the country of Gilead, previously known as the United States of America, a totalitarianRead MoreIs Today s Society Becoming A Dystopian World?1313 Words   |  6 Pagesbecoming a dystopian world? Both the novels 1984 by George Orwell and The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood provide warnings of how each author sees certain problems in society leading to dystopian states. Civilizations are forced to live by rules and for certain purposes to ensure the governments own goals and aspirations, but arise for different reasons. Atwood is concerned with political groups and aspects of feminism; The Handmaids Tale illustrates how declining birth rates could lead to a stateRead MoreTotalitarianism’s Role in the Handmaid’s Tale1505 Words   |  7 Pagesworld. People accepted the new society without much resistance only to later realize that they had been dup ed. The founders of Gilead took conservative ideas and implemented them to the extreme. Women’s rights are taken away. Reading is forbidden. Handmaids are introduced to bear children. The government takes over and a dystopia is born. They control almost every aspect of the people’s lives, down to the food that they consume. Though the totalitarian government of Gilead tries to break spirit of theRead MoreMargaret Atwood s The Handmaid s Tale Essay1624 Words   |  7 Pagesreproduction and sexuality, Margaret Atwood’s novel The Handmaid’s Tale, her poem A Woman’s Issue, and George Orwell’s 1984 all convey that sexual repression undermines individual identity and autonomy. In The Handmaid’s Tale, Atwood uses her description of the Ceremony to emphasize how Gileadean society controls sex in order to manipulate its citizens and force the women of Gilead into passivity and dissociation from their bodies. During the ritualistic Ceremony, the Handmaids are raped by their Commanders

Visual Stream Mapping Free Essays

VISUAL STREAM MAPPING 1. 1 Introduction Lean manufacturing is a production practice that considers the expenditure of resources for any goal other than the creation of value for the end customer to be wasteful, and thus a target for elimination. Working from the perspective of the customer who consumes a product or service, â€Å"value† is defined as any action or process that a customer would be willing to pay for. We will write a custom essay sample on Visual Stream Mapping or any similar topic only for you Order Now The goal of Lean is to becomes the creation and maintenance of a production system which runs repetitively, day after day, week after week in a manner identical to the previous time period. Lean is actually the set of â€Å"tools† that assist in the identification and steady elimination of waste. As waste is eliminated quality improves while production time and cost are reduced. Examples of such â€Å"tools† are  Value Stream Mapping,  5S,  Kanban  (pull systems), and  poka-yoke  (error-proofing). 1. 2Visual Stream Mapping (VSM) Value stream mapping is a process designed to reduce lead time, to make product flow, and to eliminate waste (non value added operations or activities), all for the purpose of meeting customer demand at the lowest cost, and with the highest quality. Lean thinking relies on recognizing the â€Å"seven wastes† – over-production, over-processing, inventory, motion, scrap, waiting, and transportation. Target maps reveal which of these wastes can be eliminated now, and where. The key to producing useful target maps is to look for low-cost improvements that encourage flow, reduce inventory, and test the organization’s ability to manage in a lean environment. The challenge of developing the attitudes, systems and communication necessary for a true pull system operating at customer takt should not be underestimated. A high inventory system hides a multitude of problems, which will slowly be exposed as batch sizes and WIP are reduced. The level of organization and standardization required for one-piece flow are rarely found in companies with traditional production planning and traditional management. Visual Stream Mapping can identify wastes such as: 1. Over-production Over-production is the production of material which is not needed now. It usually occurs in the form of large batches, produced faster than the rate at which they can be consumed Over production is caused by a number of factors, such as long setups, poor quality, machine unreliability, avoidance of setups in order to make performance measures look better, or the desire to keep an expensive resource working. 2. Over-processing There are two aspects to this kind of waste which is overdoing it in the sense of doing too much, too soon, and beyond what is necessary and using inappropriate equipment, especially equipment that is much larger, faster, or more complicated than necessary. It can be difficult to distinguish between over-processing and over-production, because the first often leads to the second. Over-processing is usually associated with going beyond what the customer requires. Examples are reports and presentations that have more information than the audience is looking for, and therefore are difficult to understand and act on. 3. Inventory Whether in the form of work in process (WIP) or finished goods, inventory is considered the great problem in production. With material always available, the focus is taken away from the process, quality, and the rate of work. Inventory thus actually hides problems that exist in the production system. In addition, inventory has an impact on waste that is indirectly caused by having more than needed. Inventory leads to a lack of attention to the process. This means that processes are designed with cycle times well outside of the average. By buffering the process with inventory, the wide variance in cycle times is not noticed until an attempt is made to set up a continuous flow cell or line. 4. Transportation When a facility layout extends over a large area, the movement of inventory from operation to operation becomes necessary. It is thus another result of over-production. It also results from laying out production equipment by function. Functional layout places each type of machine in its own cell for a variety of reasons, mainly to do with the perceived benefits of specialization. 5. Motion Motion is a waste associated with both operators and equipment. In the case of operators, wasted motion includes bending, walking to get or place parts, lifting, and taking more than one step to reach or view machine interfaces. Motion can add significantly to cycle time, and must therefore be considered separately when creating and balancing cells and focused factories. . Scrap Scrap and rework are obviously wasteful. In batch production, scrap is rarely visible, since there is always more material available, and the run can be extended for a short while to produce the required quantity. In a continuous flow system, scrap is a serious problem, since every machine loses a cycle when a piece is rejected. This destroys b alance, and when producing to customer takt, results in a missed shipment. 7. Waiting Waiting takes a number of forms. Operators wait for machines to complete their cycle, or for material to arrive so they can work on it. Machines wait for work, and also for operators to load and unload work pieces or other production material. The kinds of waiting that are common in batch production facilities are different from the waiting that is wasteful in a continuous flow system. 1. 3Characteristics of VSM This is an elements that need an observation and a consideration during applying this VSM: 1. Recognize where environmental impacts occur in a product line. 2. Quantify raw materials used by processes and compare it to materials actually needed to produce the product. . Identify pollution and wastes generated by the production activities. 4. Identify root causes of wastes and inefficiencies. There are a number of common icons used in value stream maps, but icons can also be customized to best serve a value stream map. Icons help distinguish different elements of a product line from another. For example, different arrows should be used to distinguish between product and information movement. The figure 1. 0 be low contains commonly used icons in value stream mapping. Figure 1. 0 1. 4Implementation Once future state map completed a plan to achieve this aim need to be developed, the implementation cannot be done unless there is an actual plan that can vividly visualize the aim of VSM. Without a full blown project implementation with full commitment from everyone in the company you will not reach your future state and gain the identified benefits. The future state map will detail the amount by which your lead times will be reduced, lower stock holdings, potential efficiency improvements and so forth so it should be possible to justify any project financially. Also known as the  Deming Cycle  in many circles, Plan, Do, Check, Act is a simple model for improvement, you make your plan, you implement your plan, you check if you have achieved your stated aims and you then act to make any necessary changes. This cycle is repeated over and over again continually driving improvement. This is how you implement your Value Stream Mapping, it is an iterative process, one that you repeat over and over. You make your initial current state map, plan your improvements, then make your improvements. Then you check your progress by creating a new current state map and plan additional improvements, your value stream mapping should be repeated to ensure continual improvement of your processes. 2. 1 Process of VSM The first action of value stream mapping is to map the existing process which is the result is a Current State Map. Once a valid current state map has been constructed, it is then possible to suggest improvements, with confidence that the results from the proposed system will be quite similar to those of the Future State Map. In this way, the lean initiative moves from solid footing to solid footing. There is no â€Å"leap of faith† or â€Å"trust me† required to convince everyone that there really is a better way to carry out the process. 2. 1. 1Current State When reviewing a product or process line, the first value stream map you develop should record the current state of the line. Remember, conventional value stream mapping tends to focus at a facility-wide level. The current state map should take a snapshot of the current practices and materials usage rates for all processes. A current state map should also record where environmental impacts occur in the product line. The following processes typically have environmental impacts: 1. Metal Fabrication (Milling, Welding, Stamping, and Machining) 2. Parts Washing 3. Surface Cleaning 4. Plastic Forming (Extrusion and Moulding) 5. Surface Coating 6. Chemical Formulation 7. Hazardous Materials Handling 8. Waste Management A current state value stream map should also establish baselines for all inputs and outputs which are presented in Table 2. 1. 1 below. INPUT| OUTPUT| Pounds of materials used| Pounds of solid waste generated| Pounds of hazardous materials used| Pounds of hazardous waste generated| Gallons of water used| Pounds of air pollution emitted| Gallons of water consumed| Gallons of wastewater treated| Watts of energy used| | BTUs of energy used| | Table 2. 1. 1 Other inputs and outputs that conventional value stream maps identify include changeover and cycle time, labour, and rework. Exhibit 2. 0 illustrates a conventional value stream map, shows how to denote process inputs and outputs may exist in the product line. . 1. 2Compare ‘Use’ Vs ‘Need’ In the past, value stream maps would examine the time it takes to produce a product and the proportion of that time that is value added or the time spent actually working on the product. The timeline was a graphic representation that compared the two, but didn’t focus on the resources consumed and waste generated in making the product. A materials line is a variati on of a timeline and can be developed for any type of resource (e. g. , water, energy, total materials, and/or a critical substance used in the product). A materials line, located on the bottom of a value stream map, shows the amount of raw materials used by each process in the value stream and the amount of materials that end up in the product and add value from a customer’s perspective. For example, the materials line illustrated below in figure 2. 0 compares the amount of water used and needed in the milling and parts washing processes in a product line. Figure 2. 1. 2 Once you collect data for the materials line, you may notice large differences between the amount of material used and the amount needed for the product. This exercise can help you target the largest sources of waste for prioritizing improvement efforts. Exhibit 2 presents a value stream map with a materials line that focuses on water usage. You can also create separate maps that address other inputs such as hazardous materials or energy use. 2. 1. 3Visualize an Improved â€Å"Future State† Future state maps are created to show what a product or process line would look like after improvements are made. Future state maps should be drafted following the completion of a current state map. Practitioners play a vital role in developing future state maps, as they can help suppliers identify areas where environmental improvements can be made. More often than not, future state maps look closer at process level improvements. Facilities cannot typically make changes to the order in which processes take place in a product line, but they can implement changes to specific steps of a process. Opportunities for process improvement can be shown on a value stream map with a starburst as illustrated in Exhibit 3. Starbursts can identify processes that need to be examined closer, such as in Exhibit 4. Future state maps should represent the product or process line in a perfect state or fully optimized and highly efficient. It should not be restrained by cost. The future state should include the best available technologies and equipment, and estimated waste reductions should be included where appropriate. For example, if a surface coating line could reduce solvent use by installing a solvent recycler, the future state map should represent that improvement. The materials line that should be included on a current state map can be a good indicator of where improvement opportunities exist. If a process showed a large difference between the amount of a material used and the amount of material needed, practitioners should question why the difference exists. Inefficiencies are the root cause of most wastes. Efficient production lines will have little to no difference between the amount used compared to the amount actually needed to produce the product. Exhibits 5 and 6 show the difference between a current state and a future state parts washing line. Current and future state process maps can be generated for one or many processes that occur in a facilities product line. . 1Benefits and Importance of VSM Value stream mapping is often used at the outset of a lean program to identify the current process within an organization. Strictly speaking Value stream mapping is used to map information and materials through a production process but it can be used for so much more than simply transcribing the process. This is the list of benefits and importance of applying VSM technique : 1. It helps portray the process from the start of the production process to the end. 2. It help finds bottlenecks and find waste within the process. . It’s a group exercise and therefore can involve your workforce as part of your lean improvement program. 4. You can use a completed value stream map as an improvement aide to document transitions to a future state value stream map. 5. It’s an inexpensive tool, basically all you need is a paper and pen. 6. It can be easily critiqued by your workforce to highlight problems that exist within the process. 7. It’s not just for manufacturing, value stream mapping has been used in offices, service industries healthcare etc. 8. It’s easy to understand with a little bit of training on VSM, icons maps are easy to understand conveying powerful process in a simple pictorial fashion. 4. 1Conclusion This study has outlined a decision-making process for the mapping of the value stream or supply chain. This general process is grounded in a contingency approach as it allows the company to choose the most appropriate methods for the particular industry, people and types of problem that exist. The typology is based around the identification of the particular wastes the company or value stream members wish to reduce or eliminate. As such, it allows for an extension of the effective internal waste reduction philosophy pioneered by leading companies such as Toyota. In this case, however, such an approach can be widened and so extended to a value stream setting. This extension capability lies at the heart of creating lean manufacturing, with each of the value stream members working to reduce wasteful activity both inside and between their organizations. 5. 1 Reference 1. http//: EzineArticles. com/225609 2. www. gardinernielsen. com 3. www. en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Value_stream_mapping 4. www. greensuppliers. gov/pubs/VSM. pdf How to cite Visual Stream Mapping, Papers

Robert Frost Essay free essay sample

Frost utilizes imagery, metaphors, rhyme and rhythmic patters, emotionally charged diction, and sound devices to clearly and insightfully describe a typical day, seeing the beauty and complexity in simple and average events and objects. Frost utilizes imagery in his poetry in order to created a vivid image in the readers mind and have a deeper emotional connection with them. Creating a solid picture in the mind of a reader allows them to more intellectually understand deep concepts. This is true of all types of learning whether it be math, architecture, or physics. If you give a person a diagram or picture, they grasp a concept much more efficiently. The statement, â€Å"A voice said, Look me in the stars†, in the poem â€Å"A Question† creates a defining picture of a supreme being, and creates a picture of the galaxy in the form of a person. Many people will see this beautiful collection of diction as a description of a heavenly father or mother. The use of any imagery also entertains the senses of a reader leading to a longer lasting memory and more cognitive involvement. In addition to imagery, Figurative language such as metaphors is a key device in Frost’s writing. Frost incorporates metaphors in his poetry to make strong comparisons to events and ideas in which the reader can relate to. Comparing complicated ideas with other similar objects or ideas gives the reader another example and thing to use as a tool of understanding. For example, â€Å"soon the sun’s warmth makes them shed crystal shells† when speaking of the melting snow after the winter seguing to spring allows the reader to more easily understand Frosts vision of the melting snow. Comparing melting snow to a creature that is shedding a shell made of crystal allows the reader to better understand what Frost means to depict. Metaphors and similes have the same effect but metaphors require a more elevated understanding of symbolism to recognize and define them. Also rhythmic patters seem to be a common and effective device in much of Frost’s poetry. Rhyme and Rhythmic patters in the poetry of Robert Frost provides a natural flow of words and contributes to the specific tone of a work to allow the reader to more easily receive the intended message. Rhythm and rhyme are crucial to leave a lasting memory in the mind and has been proven to be cognitively helpful when memorizing things. For example, in the poem, â€Å"After Apple-Picking† Frost uses a rhyme pattern of abbacc in the first six lines, which allows things to flow and be easily recalled to memory after the fact. People enjoy reading things that rhyme; it gives them an expectation for what is to come, in addition to pulling a reader in. The ability to relay a message in iambic pentameter while incorporating a rhyme scheme is a talent and creativity unmatched by many. Another example of rhythm and rhyme is in music. The uses of rhythm are an enormous part of why people love music and constantly listen to it. Music also leaves a lasting impression on people for years long after hearing it and allows the piece to be continuously listened to without becoming repetitive and boring. Continuing on a musical note, sound devices fill Frosts poetry and are many times hidden. My personal favorite is the use of sound devices in order to make the poem sound pleasurable to the reader and to make sounds in the diction and syntax in order to create a certain tone. Many times Frost specific words and syntax to create a sound that contributes to his intended mood. For example, Frost will use certain words such as â€Å"through†, â€Å"two†, and â€Å"toward† with long vowels to create an emphasis tone. Also Frost will use short choppy words like â€Å"still† and â€Å"shock† to create a quicker pace in tone. The use of certain consonants and vowels cause the reader to read at different paces and concentrate on certain parts and speed through others. Another incredible tool to successful poetry is emotionally charged diction. Frost strategically uses emotionally charged diction in order to better describe his ideas. Using diction that â€Å"packs a punch† and carries a load of emotion in it provides more energy to a phrase. The phrase, â€Å"I’ve tasted of desire† from the poem â€Å"Fire and Ice† for example. The combination of the words â€Å"tasted† and â€Å"desire† create a lustful and sinister tone in just a simple short sentence. Whether it is the emotion of happiness, fear, depression, love, or tranquility the use of specific vocabulary can create that specific tone. Just as a motivational speaker uses strong words to inspire, Robert Frost uses strong words to inspire or express. Frost effectively uses emotionally charged diction to write incredibly powerful poems in a short amount of words. Short and simple is the most effective type of persuasion method. It ensures the reader is still engaged and does not lose interest due to an excess of length. Robert Frost effectively depicts the beauty and complicity of an average day and typical ideas by using imagery, metaphors, rhythm patterns, emotionally charged diction, and sound devices. To effectively write poetry one or more of these devices must be used. To effectively entertain anyone or cause him or her to want to make a change, the recipient must feel some sort of emotional connection. Robert Frost uses specific wording, descriptions, and rhythms to create this effect. The fact that Frost incorporates all of these devices in his poetry makes him a profound poet and his poetry incredibly well known and successful.

Trent Parke free essay sample

Trent Parke Artist Trent Parke was born in 1971, he was raised in Newcastle, New South Wales and is the first Australian to become a Full Member of the renowned photographers’ cooperative Magnum Photo Agency. When he was little he use to use the laundry room as a dark room. He had began taking photography’s at the age of 12. Today he now works as a street photography and therefore received many awards such as the World Press Photo Awards- 1999, 2000 , 2001 and 2005. assignment help reviews In 2006 he was awarded the ABN AMRO emerging artist award. He has also received the prestigious W Eugene Smith Award for humanistic photography in 2003, for his epic road trip around Australia, â€Å"Minutes to Midnight†. Trent Parke also gave an inspirational speech about the early stages of his life at the Fremantle Arts Centre, he talked about his cadetship at the Newcastle Herald while after also moving to Sydney years later where he had covered Australian cricket for News Limited for more than five years. We will write a custom essay sample on Trent Parke or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the same time he was still not that sure on what her wanted to do with the rest of his life, so he bought a Leica and was introduced to Rodinal (a high contrast and personal way of processing and printing his images). His mothers death had also inspired him, and released that life is meant to be enjoyed, therefore don’t waste a moment in life Artwork Trent Parkes photograpy is all about magic and illusion and the love of life and the story that is being told. His Albums are normally inspired by what is current happening in his life whether its experiencing a road trip or the birth of his new-born son. Whatever his next album is, it is always about an important event that has happened or happening in his life, his albums are his feelings and emotions of an event which he has expressed in photography For his photography he has been awarded five Gold Lenses from the International Olympic Committee (1996, 1997 and 1998) and the Canon Photo Essay Prize in 2000 Sasakawa World Sports Awards. His photos have always had a fictional element that is a part of something bigger and working with Alisdair Foster from ACP has been an important part of the life as it leads Trent Parke towards his own vision. He has pushed many boundaries therefore he has gone to medium format and colour as his photos were now about time and life and became the next phase in his work. His new photo â€Å"Black Rose† has returned to black and white and medium and large format and he is analyzing new directions and questioning the past, present and the future, chance and fate and is a trip back to his childhood. Therefore return to an understanding of what is important for him in as an Australia using the country as inspiration. Audience Trent’s photographic work has been widely shown, including recent solo exhibitions in New York, London and Germany. â€Å"Minutes To Midnight† was shown at The Australian Centre for Photography in January to Febuary in 2005, in conjunction with the Sydney Festival which had became the most highly-attended show in the recorded history of the AC. Further more when he had given his speech at the Fremantle Arts Centre, the audience was very inspired and surprised as they never thought that he would take part in a job such as sports commentating as he has worked with photographs since the very early stages of his life. Park has also published two books, Dream/Life in 1999, and The Seventh Wave with partner, Narelle Autio in 2000. The reading of these books really inspired the audience. Also not so long ago in 2006, the National Gallery of Australia acquired Parke’s entire Minutes to Midnight exhibition. World Ever since the birth of his son, he has seen the world differently as he began to change his style of photography by applying different colours and formats to suit his inspiration. This is how his viewpoint of the world changed and has always been changing ever since as every photo album that he creates, conveys a different message for a different purpose. Also, before he published his collection â€Å"Minutes Of Midnight†, he went around travelling all around the country in 2003 reaching a total distance of 90,000 km gathering ideas and inspiration for his photographic collection.

Free Essays on Comparison With Iago And Cassio

In the play â€Å"Othello,† one of William Shakespeare’s six tragedies, characters Iago and Cassio are similar and different in many ways. One of the ways Iago and Cassio are similar is through Othello himself. Both Iago and Cassio want to be on the good side of friend Othello, but both don’t have the same reasons. In Iago’s case with Othello, Iago wants to be on Othello’s good side so Othello wouldn’t be suspicious of what he was doing behind his back, such things as getting Cassio and Desdemona closer together so Othello would suspect something. Now in Cassio’s case, he just wants to be on Othello’s good side because he wants to be there. Cassio is Othello’s Lieutenant and he wants to stay that way, so after Cassio gets on Othello’s bad side, he tries his hardest to try and get back on his good side to keep Othello’s respect for him and the Lieutenant position. Both men wanted to be on Othello’s good side. Iago and Cassio both feel that they can trust one another. In the play, Iago trusts Cassio in his actions to do what he implies Cassio what to do, such as when Iago tells Cassio that he should talk to Desdemona to try and get in good terms with Othello. Iago also trusted Cassio’s actions when Othello overheard the conversation between Cassio and Iago. Iago knew that Cassio would talk about something else, and knew that Othello would interoperate it differently. Now Cassio is a different story. Cassio trusts Iago’s advice in trying to get himself on Othello’s good side. Cassio trusted Iago’s advice when Iago told him to go and keep talking to Desdemona about trying to get himself in good terms with Othello. It was a bad move in trusting Iago, but that’s what he did. Those two both trusted each other but in different ways which makes them two some what similar. The difference between these two is both have very different personalities. Iago’s personality is charming but in a crude way. He knows ... Free Essays on Comparison With Iago And Cassio Free Essays on Comparison With Iago And Cassio In the play â€Å"Othello,† one of William Shakespeare’s six tragedies, characters Iago and Cassio are similar and different in many ways. One of the ways Iago and Cassio are similar is through Othello himself. Both Iago and Cassio want to be on the good side of friend Othello, but both don’t have the same reasons. In Iago’s case with Othello, Iago wants to be on Othello’s good side so Othello wouldn’t be suspicious of what he was doing behind his back, such things as getting Cassio and Desdemona closer together so Othello would suspect something. Now in Cassio’s case, he just wants to be on Othello’s good side because he wants to be there. Cassio is Othello’s Lieutenant and he wants to stay that way, so after Cassio gets on Othello’s bad side, he tries his hardest to try and get back on his good side to keep Othello’s respect for him and the Lieutenant position. Both men wanted to be on Othello’s good side. Iago and Cassio both feel that they can trust one another. In the play, Iago trusts Cassio in his actions to do what he implies Cassio what to do, such as when Iago tells Cassio that he should talk to Desdemona to try and get in good terms with Othello. Iago also trusted Cassio’s actions when Othello overheard the conversation between Cassio and Iago. Iago knew that Cassio would talk about something else, and knew that Othello would interoperate it differently. Now Cassio is a different story. Cassio trusts Iago’s advice in trying to get himself on Othello’s good side. Cassio trusted Iago’s advice when Iago told him to go and keep talking to Desdemona about trying to get himself in good terms with Othello. It was a bad move in trusting Iago, but that’s what he did. Those two both trusted each other but in different ways which makes them two some what similar. The difference between these two is both have very different personalities. Iago’s personality is charming but in a crude way. He knows ...

Professional Certification and Your Career

Professional Certification and Your Career Professional certification is a process by which a person develops the knowledge, experience, and skills to perform a specific job. Once the individual completes a course of study, he or she receives a certificate earned by passing an exam that is accredited by an organization or association that monitors and upholds prescribed standards for the particular industry involved. The National Organization for Competency Assurance (NOCA) is a leader in setting quality standards for credentialing organizations. A wide variety of industries and careers offer professional certification, from highly technical jobs and human services of all kinds to jobs in the arts, including ballroom dancing. In each case, the certificate assures employers, customers, students, and the public that the certificate holder is competent and professional. In some professions, certification is a requirement for employment or practice. Doctors, teachers, Certified Public Accountants (CPAs), and pilots are examples. What’s in It for You? Professional certification shows employers and clients that you are committed to your profession and are well-trained. It gives them confidence in your abilities  because it proves that your skills have been evaluated and approved by a well-regarded professional organization. Certification makes you more valuable to employers and so you can expect to: Enjoy better employment and advancement opportunitiesHave a competitive advantage over candidates without certificatesEarn higher wagesReceive tuition reimbursement for continuing education A Sampling of Careers Requiring Certification Many of the careers that require certification are represented here at About.com. Below is a list of articles on various types of certifications. In the end, there is also a link to the list of NOCA member organizations that require certificates. It offers an interesting glance at the various types of industries from which to choose if you’re uncertain about which certificate you want. Certified Meeting ProfessionalCoast Guard Captain’s LicenseCulinary Arts CertificatesDatabase CertificationsDesktop Publishing CertificationESL CertificationGraphic DesignInterior DecoratingLandscaping Certificate ProgramsLogistics and Supply Chain ManagementParalegal certificatesProfessional CounselingProfessional Massage TherapyProfessional Studies Certificate in OperaReal estateRetail CertificationSpecialist Certificate for Sign Language InterpretersTechnology Certification GlossaryHighest paying jobs in the technology industry NOCA’s list of member organizations State Certification Requirements Many of the professions that require or offer certification are governed by the state in which the certificate holder practices. Your school or association will help you understand these requirements, but you can also find them at each state’s government website. Search for: state.your two-letter state code here.us/. Example: state.ny.us/. On the home page for your state, search for certifications. Choosing the Best School There are almost as many requirements for earning a certificate as there are fields requiring them, so how you go about becoming certified has everything to do with what kind of certificate you want and what you want to do with it. First, know the differences between all the different types of schools so you can choose the right school for you. Begin your search by visiting the websites of the associations and organizations that govern or accredit the schools in the field you have chosen. On the Internet, search for the name of your field and associations, organizations, and schools: Search: nursing associations results in the American Nurses AssociationSearch: pilot associations results in the Aircraft Owners and Pilots AssociationSearch: CPA organizations results in the American Institute of Certified Public AccountantsSearch: project management schools results in both directories like the Trade Schools Directory and specific schools such as the Project Management Institute at Capella University Online Schools If you think an online school would work best for you because of the flexibility it provides, read up on online certificates before you choose a school. Financial Aid Paying for school is a concern for many students. Loans, grants, and scholarships are available. Do your homework before going to school: Paying for Business SchoolFAFSASallie Maes Scholarship Search Continuing Education Most professional certifications require that certificate holders complete a certain number of hours of continuing education annually or bi-annually in order to remain current. The number of hours varies by state and field. Notices are generally sent out by the governing state and/or association, as is literature advertising continuing education opportunities, conferences, and conventions. Make the Most of Continuing Education Conferences Many professional associations gather their members yearly in the form of conferences, conventions, and/or trade shows to provide continuing education seminars, to discuss the state of the profession and new best practices, and to showcase the latest products and services. Networking at these gatherings can be extremely valuable to professionals.

The US Supreme Court Docketed Case No 06-1006 Essay

The US Supreme Court Docketed Case No 06-1006 - Essay Example The case number under the consideration in the Texas Court (Harris County) was PD-0436-05. It is necessary to trace the progress and the real causes of the case, to understand the reason of it being submitted to the Supreme Court and to analyze if there were any mistakes performed legally by the preceding courts. The case started in 2002, when the grand jury of Harris County returned an indictment, and charging the defendant with the felony, which had been committed under the paragraphs 31.03(a) and 31.09 of the Texas Penalty Code. In 2003, August, the defendant (already being an appellant, as it will go further) appeared in trial for the plea of being non-guilty, and having presented eight witnesses. The State was able to establish, that through the period of 1997-2000, the appellant was working as a bookkeeper in a private residential community for mentally disordered children, called Hope Village. Among the duties which the appellant had at work was the responsibility for the fina nces together with the payroll. During the notified period, and using the opportunities which the appellant had due to her obligations, she had substantially raised her own salary without superior notification and permission, the numerous additional paychecks were found besides those which she was regularly receiving; she was also able to reimburse the expenditures which had never been made. The deductions for the health insurance and federal taxes were also improper. The total sum of damage for the Hope Village was about $50,000. The appellant was resisting to admitting her guilt, but failed to explain the bigger portion of evidence against her. The jury found the appellant guilty and assessed her punishment in nine years imprisonment and $2,500 fine. The appellant was sure that the Fourteenth Amendment had been violated through sustaining, which was conducted by the district criminal court in relation to the State's objection of the innocence presumption. The Court of Appeals was in agreement with the appellant in terms of presumption of innocence used, but it found this error to be harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. It is stated, that 'any harm from the trial's error with regard to the presumption of innocence would have been lessened, if not altogether erased, both by the jury charge and by the presumption that the jury followed the instructions in the jury charge. Taking into account both the evidence presented and the fact that the jury had already been charged as to the presumption of innocence, we can say beyond a reasonable doubt that the error committed by the trial court did not contribute to the appellant's conviction.' The appellant, on the other hand viewed the errors of the court of appeals in the following ways: 1. The error which the district court committed should not have been considered as harmless error, but was better related to the so-called 'structural defect'; 2. The fact that the error was admitted to be harmless beyond reasonable limits was also erroneous for the fact that it had caused the jury not to suppose the appellant to be innocent anymore; 3. The court of appeals also failed to use the so-called 'totality of circumstances'. The discussion of the utilized notions and the similar cases of use Totality of circums

Thomas Hobbes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Thomas Hobbes - Essay Example Only societies and governments stop this from being a constant state. This is a sort of fiction, since Hobbes points out that this has never actually happened in history. However, it helps to explain why people in countries often suffer from mistrust, violence and criminality. This ‘state of nature’ is central to Hobbes’ view of the world. This reason this is not a reality is because it is blocked by fear and reason. Reason is how man knows how to escape from the state of nature and this is how the natural laws are created which allow man to live in peace. Hobbes then develops his ideas on the ‘laws of nature’. This works against the destructive nature of the ‘state of nature’ and helps man to maintain peace and stability. These laws are instinctive to man and are obtainable though natural reason and philosophy. The first law is the law of peace and divides into the seeking of peace and the right to defend ourselves from violence in order to maintain peace. The second law is connected to peace and states that we give up certain rights, such as murder, in order to avoid continuous warfare. People mutually give up their rights and this becomes a contract, which is the foundation for moral obligations. The third law, therefore, requires us not just to make such contracts, but to respect and keep them. These first three laws are the essential way in which continuous war can be avoided. Hobbes then outlines a number of other associated laws which contribute to maintaining peace. All these laws can be summarised as avoiding actions which an individual would not want performed against themselves. God ultimately rules over these laws. Hobbes then explores how the contracts work. There are two different types of person who can be involved in a contract – natural and artificial. Hobbes defines a natural person as one who uses their own words. An artificial person, rather, is one who uses the words of

A True Story of Crime and Punishment Essay Example for Free

A True Story of Crime and Punishment Essay A true story of how a man was tried, convicted, and sentenced to death, May God Have Mercy exposes the imperfections in the criminal justice system and how it led to the death of an innocent man. Roger Colemans case became the main story on nightly newscasts and prominent television shows such as Larry King Live, Nightline, Good Morning America, and the Today Show. Many crucial, yet harmful decisions were made that ultimately resulted in an innocent mans execution at the death house in Greensville, Virginia. The police, the prosecutor, and the Judge can all be held responsible for Colemans death. However, the reason Roger Coleman was not acquitted of the murder of Wanda McCoy in the first place and thus in a position to be executed was because his original lawyers, Steve Arey and Terry Jordan, did not provide him with adequate representation, as required by the Constitution of the United States of America. Steve Arey and Terry Jordan were young, inexperienced lawyers who should have never even been considered for a capital case. Judge Persin, the presiding Judge in the case, however, decided on these two gentlemen because other more experienced lawyers refused to take the case because of the huge financial sacrifice it would require. Albeit public speculation that Judge Persins previous profession as a prosecutor had led him to heavily favor the prosecution, his decision stood. The two prosecutors who Arey and Jordan would be opposed by were Mickey McGlothlin and Tom Scott. Both prosecutors had far more experience than the defense lawyers, but that didnt stop Judge Persin from appointing Arey and Jordan to the case. It was an obvious mismatch, intentional or not, and was just the beginning of many problems that would arise for the defendants case. The murder of Wanda McCoy took place in Grundy, a small town in Virginia. The year was 1981, and Brad McCoy, Wandas husband, arrived home from work to find his wife dead, the apparent victim of a brutal rape and murder. The police investigated the crime scene, recorded witness reports, and searched for suspects. When they identified their prime suspect, Roger Coleman, the police made the arrest. Due to the negative public opinion that had generated following the arrest, Coleman demanded that his lawyers file for a change of venue with the court. Since Grundy was such a small town, it would  be very difficult to pick an impartial jury to give Coleman a fair trial. Every person in the town had to have read or seen something on the murder. The fact that the police provided supposed conclusive evidence against Roger Coleman and made it public, many of Grundys residents wanted to see Coleman sentenced to death. Steve Arey had been preparing the case to present to Judge Persin, but at the last minute, he notified Terry Jordan that he would not be able to attend due to a prior engagement. Areys lack of respect for Coleman and the case in general left Terry Jordan with a crucial decisionwhether to seek a continuance or to argue the motion himself. He chose to present the case himself. The defenses decision to argue the motion was a terrible decision. Not only should Jordan have sought a continuance because he was not prepared to argue the case, but neither of the defense lawyers had done any research or made any effort to obtain evidence to support their case for a change of venue, except for a couple of newspaper clippings and a picture of the hanging-tree sign. The prosecution, on the other hand, had gotten approximately fifty affidavits from members of the town claiming that they did not have any biased feelings about the case. As expected, Judge Persin denied the change of venue request, a nd effectively set the tone for Roger Colemans trial. The beginning of every trial begins with opening statements, which provide the jury with a preview of the evidence they will provide and what it will effectively show. A lawyers opening statement is probably the most important part of the entire trial, and usually puts the jurors leaning favorably towards the side with the more convincing performance. Like any other criminal case, the burden of proof lies with the prosecution. They are required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant committed the crime. Mickey McGlothlin presented an organized and persuasive opening statement that gave the jury the impression that Roger Coleman was guilty based on the significant amount of evidence against him. The defenses opening statement should have attacked the evidence that the state provided, and also attacked McGlothlins credibility. The defenses  opening statement should have consisted of a description of the friendly relationship that existed between Roger Coleman and the McCoys. It also should have also included Colemans alibiPhilip VanDykeand the fact that VanDykes time card reinforces the time that he said he was with Coleman and the time that he clocked into his job. Arey and Jordan also had an opportunity to smear McGlothlins credibility by referring to evidence that he failed to mention in his opening argumentthe pry mark on the door, the broken fingernails on the victim but no scratches on Coleman, and that the substance found on the victim was soil, not coal dust, which had been on Colemans clothes. The defense counsel didnt refer to any of those facts. No scientific evidence was brought up, and it failed to respond to McGlothins statement that there was evidence that Coleman had in fact admitted to committing the crime. The opening statement was a complete disappointment for Coleman. It started to raise questions inside of Coleman of whether his own defense lawyers thought he was guilty and therefore were not putting the time or effort in to prove his innocence. In either case, his defense lawyers had presented a completely inadequate opening statement, and it left the jury with the feeling that Roger Coleman was guilty. In addition to failing to present a solid and influential opening argument, another major problem with the defense counsel was their extreme lack of preparation for the trial (their own witnesses and the states witnesses). Before the Coleman case, Terry Jordan had never tried a murder case, a rape case, any case involving blood or hair analysis or a criminal case of any kind that lasted more than one day (112). Being from Grundy, Jordan should have interviewed most if not all of the local witnesses, but that did not happen. He did not interview all of police officers that were investigating the crime nor did he interview Dr. McDonald, who was the first one to examine Wanda McCoys body and who estimated her time of death. He did not interview Hezzie McCoy, Dr. Oxley (the doctor who performed the autopsy), or even Elmer Gist, who was the states blood and hair expert. In fact, Jordan cross-examination of Elmer Gist was solely based on Gists report about hair comparisons and one on blood analysis. He had not read anything about blood or hair analysis, because if he had, he would have been more capable of performing an effective cross-examination of the states most crucial  witness. Terry Jordan also failed to carefully examine the physical locations that could have led to Colemans innocence and acquittal. He never actually went inside the house where the murder took place, nor did he examine the door to see if there was any evidence of forced entry. He never examined the bathhouse where Coleman said his pants got wet from, and he did not go to the mine where Roger worked. The route that Coleman supposedly took that night was never gone over to see how long it took and to see if there was time for him to commit the crime given the stops that he made prior to the murder. Jordan did not look for other witnesses who the state had not identified, and he did not ever ask for VanDykes time card, an essential piece of evidence. No photographs were taken at any point, making everything that was presented in court non-visual. Visuals would have made the defenses case much stronger. Steve Arey had interviewed most of the same witnesses that Jordan interviewed, along with a couple other defense-alibi witnesses. The state was heavily favored in the case to begin with because of their experience in criminal cases, as opposed to the defense counsels lack of experience in such cases. As expected, Judge Persin ruled in favor of the state and Roger Coleman was sentenced to death. Many criminal cases are appealed after their conclusion, and this case was no different. The defense has thirty days to file a Notice of Appeal with the Court. The defense prepared their appeal and mailed it to the Court. However, the attorney generals office told the defense that they had filed the appeal one day late and that it would not be accepted. This was another huge mistake by the defense. Although a legal technicality should not be the cause for an innocent mans evidence to be withheld, the law specifically stated that a Notice of Appeal must be filed within thirty days of the Judge signing the order that rejected all of the defenses arguments. The defense had missed a crucial deadline and Roger Coleman would b e punished because of it. The defense would not be able to get the Court to listen to their case again and this would eventually lead to Colemans death. The fact remains that neither Terry Jordan nor Steve Arey conducted a thorough enough investigation to really present a strong case to oppose the prosecution. Roger Coleman was never really given a fair trial, and it ultimately led to his conviction and death. His lawyers failed to use the evidence that was available to get their client acquitted. Their inexperience and lack of motivation resulted in an innocent mans death. There were many opportunities for the defense counsel to question witnesses, to seek experts opinions on the forensic evidence, and to insert new evidence to support Roger Colemans case, but they did not do so. Jordan and Arey should have never been appointed as Colemans counsel, and that alone made Colemans chances of acquittal slim to none. Roger Coleman was never given a fair chance, even later on in the process before he was executed, however, his defense lawyers performed well below the standards that a man on trial for his life deserves. Their terrible mista kes and decisions led to the death of an innocent man.

marx Essay -- essays research papers

Marxism is a philosophical system developed by Marx and Friedrich Engels. The theory is also known as dialectical materialism, under which matter gives rise to mind. Dialectical materialism is based on social and political institutions progressively changing their nature as economic developments transform material conditions. This is the basis for communism. The reverse theory would be capitalism. While communism in some forms can be traced to various utopian ideas, the theoretical basis for the communist countries is from Karl Marx, an impoverished German, and his colleague Friedrich Engels. Marx believed that all the evil in the world could be attributed to a class struggle between the "haves," the wealthy, who controlled the means of production and the "have nots," the workers, who actually did the laboring. Marx saw greater and greater wealth being concentrated in the hands of fewer and fewer, while the masses, the workers, were being deprived of the rightful fruits of their labors. Marx envisioned a world union of the Working Classes, where the proletariat would arise and overthrow the bosses. Then, with the workers controlling everything, everyone would work to the limits of his (or her) abilities, and everyone would receive all he or she needed. Marx envisioned this taking place first in the highly industrialized countries of Germany and England, not in largely rural and illiterate Russia. Lenin's contribution to Marxist theory was the concept of the weakest link: that Russia, as the weak link in the chain of industrialized countries, should be the first to overthrow the bourgeois and establish a dictatorship of the proletariat. As we can see in recent years, things did not go according to his plan. Marx's economic theories were complicated and mostly very wrong. Central to his conception of economics was the labor theory of value. According to this theory, the amount a product was worth depended on how much labor was put into it. In reality, a product is worth how much you can sell it for. Marx thought that capitalists, the people who owned the means of production, would constantly push to get more and more labor out of workers, the people who comprised the proletariat, so they could get more and more profits. ... ...rx envisioned, there would not be the need to invest hard work and risks for greater returns. Without motivation and hard work, Utopia is only a dream, and living standards will probably seek the lowest level of subsistence. This has proven true in most all such experiments with communism. Even the lowest level in a good capitalist society gains advantages as the standard of living rises. The rising tide raises all boats. Some boats may not be as grand as others but are adequate for those who apply their talents and energy. In the Marxist social model, there is a trend toward mediocrity at best and mere survival at worst. Competition and striving seem to gravitate toward the best of all worlds even for the least of us. We can, in effect, enjoy the fruits of the efforts of others and aid their ascension while enjoying these benefits. Utopia is a situation of unrealistic expectations where there is not a drive to excel and compete. A pie that is small and divided evenly is still a small piece of pie. On the other hand, a larger and more magnificent pie has the potential of satisfying needs although the wedge is narrower.

World Trade Organization

The courage and dedication that was displayed by the protestors in the video was what I took to heart. It was something else to see a group of people come together to protest something that they believed so strongly despite being pepper sprayed, shot at with rubber bullets, and thrown into jail†¦.. But why would anyone go to these lengths to protest against an organization? The World Trade Organization was created in Jan. 1 1995 and has 140 member countries. According to their official website www. wto. org the organizations main purpose is to, â€Å"help trade flow as freely as possible-so long as there are no undesirable side-effects. This partly means removing obstacles. † However the organization isn’t a democratic organization. Instead the WTO rules are written by and for corporations with inside access to the negotiations. Citizen input by consumer, environmental, human rights and labor organizations is consistently ignored as WTO meetings are held in secret. According to the video, out of the 100 largest economies in the world, 51 are corporations and only 49 are countries. As a result it is no wonder why so many came to protest this secret meeting held in Seattle, WA. According to the video many protestors argued that the WTO and its motto of free world trade is stomping over labor and human rights in countries throughout the world as the use of cheap labor and child labor are continually ignored by the WTO. The magazine Global Exchange states that the WTO is blocking human rights abuses since they have ruled that, â€Å"1) It is illegal for a government to ban a product base on the way it is produced and 2) Governments cannot take into account the behavior of companies that do business with vicious dictatorships such as Burma. The protestors in the video also felt that the WTO was destroying the environment. Evidence of this, dates back to 1993 when according to the Global Exchange, â€Å"The very first WTO panel ruled that a regulation of the US Clean Air Act, which required both domestic and foreign producers alike to produce cleaner gasoline, was illegal. Recently, the WTO declared illegal a provision of the Endangered Species Act that requires shrimp in the US to be caught with an inexpensive device that allows endangered sea turtles to escape, and the WTO is currently negotiating an agreement that would eliminate tariffs on wood products, which would increase the demand for timber and escalate deforestation. As a result I believe that these corporations should not be allowed to continue to get away with such actions. The people in Seattle honored their legal right to assemble. The actions taken by the city of Seattle against these protestors were too extreme and I’m still unclear for what reason they took such extreme measures against the protestors. These were peaceful protests and the city freaked out over a few broken windows at corporations such as Starbucks and Nike. In my point of view the steps taken by the city of Seattle was way over the line and its disgusts me that peaceful protestors were thrown into jail for demonstrating a legal right in the constitution.

Discrimination Worksheet Essay

†¢ What is discrimination? How is discrimination different from prejudice and stereotyping? Discrimination is the denial of oppurtunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons (Schaefer, 2012). Discrimination is different from prejudice and stereotyping because discrimination is an action whereas prejudice is a belief or attitude and stereotyping is a generalization about a group of individuals (Schaefer, 2012). Both prejudice and stereotyping are ways of thinking about and classifying people into groups based on a belief or dislike of those individuals. Discrimination takes it a step further and puts those beliefs and attitudes into action by denying these groups of certain oppurtunities because of the prejudice and stereotyping. †¢ What are the causes of discrimination? Discrimination comes in many forms such as race, gender, ethnicity, religion, age, sexual orientation, and even disabilities. Discrimination is a learned behavior in which I believe children hear negative remarks about a group of people or individual from their parents or other influential persons and then make those judgements based upon what they grew up hearing about these individuals (Schaefer, 2012). Discrimination can also be caused from possible bad experiences with one individual that may cause another individual to now have negative feelings about this particular person because of race, gender, religion, age, sexual orientation, or disability. Another cause of discrimination is institutional discrimination, which is the denial of oppurtunites and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society (Schaefer, 2012). †¢ How is discrimination faced by one identity group (race, ethnicity, religious beliefs, gender, sexual orientation, age, or disability) the same as discrimination faced by another? How are they different? Facing discrimination is never an easy task to do. Having to face discrimination is difficult and usually the minority gets the brut force of the discrimination. The only way facing discrimination could be the same is that either group has to endure the prejudice for the actions and beliefs in which they are being discriminated about. The difference is that one identity group may receive harsher discrimination for their identity group. Race, gender, and disability may get hit harder when it comes to jobs and other oppurtunities than would ethnicity, religious groups, and sexual orientation. Certain groups have been discriminated even harsher than others and this can lead to hate crimes, such as race. Either way discrimination is a negative action and the more we can do to prevent it, the better it will be for our future.

How to Block a Play and Give Stage Directions

How to Block a Play and Give Stage Directions Blocking is the theater term for the actors’ movements on the stage during the performance of the play or the musical. Every move that an actor makes (walking across the stage, climbing stairs, sitting in a chair, falling to the floor, getting down on bended knee) falls under the larger term â€Å"blocking.† Who Blocks? Typically, the play’s director determines the actors’ movements and positions on stage. Some directors â€Å"pre-block† scenes- map out the actors’ movements outside of rehearsal and then give the actors their blocking. Some directors work with the actors during rehearsal and make blocking decisions by having the actors perform the movements. These directors try a variety of movements and stage positions to see what works, make adjustments, and then set the blocking. Other directors, especially when they work with experienced actors during rehearsals, ask the actors to follow their instincts about when to move and the blocking becomes a collaborative work. Playwrights May Provide Blocking In some plays, the playwright provides blocking notes in the text of the script. American playwright Eugene O’Neill wrote detailed stage directions that include not only movements but notes on the characters’ attitudes and emotions as well. An example from Act I Scene 1 of Long Day’s Journey Into Night. Edmund’s dialogue is accompanied by stage directions in italics: EDMUNDWith sudden nervous exasperation.O for God’s sake, Papa. If you’re starting that stuff again, I’ll beat it.He jumps up.I left my book upstairs anyway.He goes to the front parlor saying disgustedly,God, Papa, I think you’d get sick of hearing yourself.He disappears. Tyrone looks after him angrily. Some directors remain true to the stage directions provided by the playwright in the script, but directors and actors are not bound to follow those directions in the way that they are bound to use the playwright’s dialogue strictly as written. The words the actors speak must be delivered precisely as they appear in the script. Only with the playwright’s specific permission may lines of dialogue be changed or omitted. It is not imperative, however, to adhere to the playwright’s blocking ideas. Actors and directors are free to make their own movement choices.​ Some directors appreciate scripts with detailed stage directions. Other directors prefer scripts with little to no blocking ideas within the text. Basic Functions of Blocking Ideally, blocking should enhance the story on the stage by: Reflecting the authentic behavior of the characters- a character’s movements can reveal just as much and sometimes more than his or her words do.Reflecting the relationships between and among characters.Giving the focus to certain characters at appropriate moments (helping the audience know where to look.)Allowing the audience to see what they are supposed to see and not what is meant to be hidden- either as part of the play or an accidental peek backstage.Creating effective stage pictures- strong, pleasing, horrific- that convey the meanings and moods of the play.Making effective use of the set. Blocking Notation Once a scene has been blocked, the actors must execute the same movements during rehearsals and performances. Thus, actors must memorize their blocking as well as their lines. During blocking rehearsals, most actors use a pencil to note blocking in their scripts- so if the blocking changes, the pencil marks can be erased and the new blocking noted. Actors and directors use a â€Å"shorthand† for blocking notation. Rather than write out â€Å"Walk downstage right and stand behind (or upstage) the sofa,† however, an actor would make notes using abbreviations. Any stage movement from one area of the stage to another is called a â€Å"cross,† and a quick way to indicate cross is to use an â€Å"X.† So, an actor’s blocking note the above blocking could look like this: â€Å"XDR to US of sofa.†

Writing a Research Paper APA

Writing a Research Paper APA Writing a Research Paper APA Writing a Research Paper APA: Meeting the Requirements A research paper is a serious academic work. It should be done properly in all aspects. Thus, not only the logical structure of the contents but also the form of the paper plays an important role in the process of assessment. Thus, while writing your research paper, pay attention to its format. Writing a research paper APA means that you should keep all the rules of this style. For example, you should pay attention to typeface, line spacing, margins and headings. You should use Times New Roman or Arial font, 1 inch margins, the text should be double-spaced. Align the text to the left margin. As for headings, writing a research paper APA suggests using of 5 levels of headings:Centered, boldface, uppercase and lowercase headings Left-aligned, boldface, uppercase and lowercase headings Indented, boldface, lowercase headings ending with a period Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase headings ending with period Indented , italicized, lowercase headings ending with period Remember: this is some kind of hierarchy. You should use headlines of the first level first. Writing a research paper APA: the main elements of a paper According to the APA style a research paper must contain such compulsory elements:Title page Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussions References Appendices Pay attention to page numbering! The title page is the first, the abstract is the second page, the introduction begins from the third page and so on. Writing a research paper APA: reference list There are some requirements concerning references that should be fulfilled while writing a research paper APA. References should include all the works of people whose ideas, theories or practical results you chose as the basis of your research and stated in your research paper. Remember that you should state the sources in the reference list even if you are paraphrasing or just describing them. Otherwise, it will be plagiarism. References should contain the following elements: the authors name (if source has two or more authors, you should mention the names of all of them), the publication date, the title of the work and the publication data. The works should be arranged alphabetically. So, these are the main requirements of writing a research paper APA format. You should meet them if you want to write a good research paper. Anyway, if you are lost about writing a research paper APA style and need help, you are welcome to address us.

Would you agree with the proposition that the physical geography was Article

Would you agree with the proposition that the physical geography was the main factor in the emergence and expansion of the early large political systems of West Africa - Article Example These are the regions shared by these vast kingdoms that inhabited these areas since the ancient times. This paper seeks to establish the authenticity of the idea that physical geography was the main factor for the emergence and expansion of the political systems in this region. The values of land in relation to the economic activities of the people that live in this place are the key factors that would influence the geographical stay. The entire region share a collection of ancient and modern ways of life and the historical divisions of the periods of development from prehistory to the post independent era dictates all the activities that have been going on in the region. In the 16th century, kingdoms started building themselves up on the coast of West Africa. Ghana was to the far west, a kingdom that was ruled entirely by kings and was therefore stable. The economy of these people, which highly contributed to the specific regions they settled, was made up of iron, gold mining and agriculture. These were traded with the Berber communities from the northern part of the Sahara. To the east of Ghana kingdom, the Mande people had the Mali kingdom practicing trade. The Mali people were typically traders and this was influenced by their position along the trade routes. They occupied land between the forests and the desert. This allowed them to control trade in the Sahara region. The trade was in golden items from neighboring regions of the Ghana and therefore creating a leeway for the actual development of the slave trade. The Ghana Empire lived in a gold rich region and the king was so proud that he called himself the richest man he had ever seen. This means that he would not move his kingdom to another place or be driven away by an enemy power because of this pride and happiness of living in a gold region. Large dynasties like the Songhai were more powerful but there was more

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rhetorical Analysis Essay - Assignment Example Richard Cohen, in his article â€Å"The Dangers of Labeling Terrorism† brings out various perceptions about the role of US in Islam states conflicts. This paper shall present a rhetoric analysis of Cohen’s article. Global conflicts are seen to be closely tied to religion and balance of power politics. Based on the consistency of outcomes, the author argues that there is little logic in all US involvement in foreign conflicts. He sees no need for US to continue with a trend, which does not bring positive results. For instance, he cites all the countries like Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan as some of the countries that have not realized peace despite to US intervention. In fact, in such places, the US could have reasoned logically to let those countries managed their affairs without any interference. Cohen also feels that the fact that US’s intervention in Iraqi affairs to save besieged Yazidis is another move that was not logically well thought out. He may be seen to take this position with the understanding that no other state should meddle with other countries’ political affairs (Cohen 1). In addition, he feels that Barack Obama’s position in the Islamic conflicts is logical. He argues that Obama does not see a blank cover of generalized criminal acts perpetrated by Muslim faithful as Islamic Terrorism. He notes that Obama is right to observe that terrorism by some Islamic states, which does not reflect true Islam, should not be generalized to the entire Muslim world. Religious scholars all over the world may support this claim. That is because many scholars have noted that the original Islam has been corrupted. This corruption, in many cases, has led to the lack of tolerance. Besides that, the corrupted Islam has led the emergence of radical sects within Islam. Thus, the author rightly maintains that Obama’s position is logical, as it does not

What does Intel's presentation of their financial information tell you Essay - 1

What does Intel's presentation of their financial information tell you about how they use financial information in decision making - Essay Example The information technology industry in 2006 generated approximately $3 trillion, a figure that is expected to increase to $4 trillion by 2009 (Plunkett Research, 2008). Such a profitable market attracts many new firms into a very competitive industry with thousands of companies competing for market share. Countries such as India have created economic models for growth based on the exporting of information technology into markets such as the US, Europe and Canada. It is very in this industry for a company to generate revenues based on a projects which represents revenue generating contracts of IT services. The Ansoff matrix is a strategic marketing tool which could very useful for IT managers. The first payoff of the matrix position (1,1) is know as a market penetration strategy. The market penetration strategy is a strategic move to seek greater market share of an existing product a firm offers. In the 1990’s the IT firm which was the most successful at achieving market penetr ation in its main product offering was Microsoft Corporation which was able to achieve a market penetration of above 90% for a prolonged period of time. The market penetration strategy can be exploited by the IT manager in companies whose product offering is above the competition offering, the company has many competitive advantages over the rest of the players in the industry including good economic resources to pay for the high advertising expenses and other marketing initiatives required to successfully implement a market penetration strategy. The second position of the Ansoff Matrix (1,2) is called product development. This strategy is based on an IT manager developing a product in an existing market. Such a strategy can be extremely profitable. Microsoft Corporation is currently in the last stages of product development for a new product called IPTV which is broadcasting channels similar to those

The Cases Of A Judicial Precedent

The Cases Of A Judicial Precedent Judicial precedent can be explained as where past decisions of judges are followed in future cases when the facts of the cases are similar. Therefore the legal definition of Judicial precedent can be stated as a courts judgment quoted as a power for choosing a comparable set of facts; a case which provides authority for the legal principle launched in its judgment. It refers to the way in which the law is made and amended through the decisions of judges as there is no particular set of binding rules. The judicial precedents doctrine is based on the principle called stare decisis to stand upon decisions and by which precedents are commanding and compulsory and must be practiced. This means that lower courts are bound to apply the legal principles set by superior courts in earlier cases. This provides balance and certainty in the law. A precedent is always based upon the two factors the ratio decidendi which means a reason for the decision and obiter dictum which means something said by the way and also, the decisions made in the previous relevant cases. The ratio decidendi of a case is the important part of establishing precedents that binds inferior courts in the hierarchy. When a judge makes his judgement in a case, he outlines the facts which he finds have been proved on the evidence. Then he applies the law to those facts and reaches at a decision, for which he gives the reason (ratio decidendi). Whereas obiter dictum is a decision given by a judge that has only incidental bearing on the case in question and is therefore not binding in later cases. The decision of the judge may vary according to the facts of the case and is not strictly relevant to the matter in the issue in the original case. The ratio decidendi is the binding part of a judicial decision whereas an obiter dictum isnt. However, an obiter dictum may be of persuasive (as opposed to binding) authority in later cases. Even if any difficulty arises, the judge will give reasons for his decision, however he will not always tell what the ratio decidendi of case is, and it is then up to a later judge to figure out (elicit) the ratio of the case. However, there may be disagreement over what the ratio is and there may be more than one ratio. Thus, it is not always easy to differentiate ratio decidendi from obiter dictum when assessing the effects of a particular decision; however, when judicial precedent is used, the judge follows or takes the reference of a decision made in a similar past cases that has already been judged upon and he is ruling the same way using the other case as a guideline. Thus, law reporting, hierarchy of courts and a method of distinguishing between obiter dicta ratio decidendi are considered to be the key features of judicial precedent. The general rule of the precedent is that all courts are bound to follow decisions made by their superior courts and appellate courts are usually bound by their own previous decisions. However, certain of the superior courts think themselves as bound by their own verdicts whilst others do not.. Until 1966 The House of Lords was bound by its own previous decisions when Lord Gardiner LC announced a change of practice. The Practice Statement [1966] 1 WLR 1234 stated that even though the House of Lords would treat its decisions as normally binding, it would move off from these when it appeared right to do so. A judgment of the House of Lords ties all lower courts but does not consider itself as strictly bound by its past decisions, for eg, in Murphy v Brentwood District Council (1990) the House overruled its previous decision in Anns v London Borough of Merton (1978) on the matter of a local authoritys legal responsibility in negligence to prospect purchasers of property. The Court of Appeal is bound by decisions of the House of Lords although it considers them to be wrong. However in Young v Bristol Aeroplane Co Ltd [1944] KB 718, the Court of Appeal held that it was bound by its own previous decisions subject to the following three exceptions: i. If there is conflict between own previous decisions, the Court of Appeal must decide which is to be followed or rejected. ii. The Court of Appeal must not follow its own decision which cannot stand with a decision of the House of Lords even if its decision hasnt been expressly overruled by the House of Lords. iii. The Court of Appeal need not to follow its own decision if satisfied that it was given per incuriam (literally, by carelessness or mistake). The High Court and the county courts are bound by the decisions of the court of appeal. Principally there is no difference in the application of stare decisis in the civil and criminal divisions of the Court of Appeal. In practice, because a persons liberty may be at risk, precedent is not followed as strictly in the criminal division however judges tend to follow the decisions of the high court for the sake of certainty. For example R v Taylor [1950] 2 KB 368. The High Court is bound by the decisions of Court of Appeal and the House of Lords however it is not bound by other High Court decisions. The county courts are bound by the decisions of individual high courts. House of Lords and the Court of Appeal binds Divisional Court and normally follows a previous decision of another Divisional Court but if they believe that the previous decision was wrong, they may depart. For eg. R v Greater Manchester Coroner, ex parte Tal [1985] QB 67. The Crown Court judgments are not binding, though they are of persuasive authority. Therefore, Crown Court judges are not obliged to follow them. The decisions made by the judges of county courts and magistrates courts are not binding. Judicial precedent is one of the most important source of English law. An original precedent created and applied a new rule whereas the later decisions, of the higher courts, can have a number of effects upon precedents. Particularly they may be: Reversed: where on appeal in the same case, the decision is reversed and the appeal court substitute its own decision. Overruled: Overruling can occur if the previous court fail to apply law correctly, or because the later court considers that the rule of law contained in the previous ratio decidendi is no longer required, then a higher court can overrule a decision made in an earlier case by a lower court. For example, the Court of Appeal can overrule a past High Court decision. A refusal to follow: the court may refuse to follow the earlier decision especially when it is not bound by the decision or cannot overrule it but doesnt wish to follow it. Distinguished: Judges use distinguishing as a tool to avoid following a earlier decision which they would otherwise be bound to follow. It helps to keep judicial precedent and the law flexible. Where a judge founds that the material facts of the present case to be considerably different from the earlier case, then he may distinguish both the cases and refuse to follow previous decision. For eg. Merritt v Merritt (1971) and Balfour v Balfour (1919) Explained: a judge may seek to study or discuss a past decision before applying it or distinguishing it, thus the impact of the previous case is diverse in the circumstances of the current case. A decision which is reached per incuriam is one reached by carelessness or mistake, and can be avoided. For eg. Morelle v Wakeling [1955] 2 QB 379 However, this rule does not allow the Court of Appeal to ignore decisions of the House of Lords. There are three types of Precedent, Original, Binding and Persuasive and are used instead of statutory law in civil cases. Original Precedent is one where the point of law is absolutely new and has never been decided before, means a new case that has never been in trial, the decision then judge comes to will form a new precedent for subsequent cases which may be persuasive but not binding on the court. for eg. the cases heard regarding the 7th July 2005 London bombings were original precedent as the cases were never heard before a UK judge. Binding precedent is when a case involves a point of law, the lawyers for both sides will research past cases to try and find decisions that will help their clients win the case. A past decision is only binding if the decision is at the right level in the hierarchy and the facts of the second case are satisfactorily similar and also only the ratio decidendi of the earlier case is binding. A persuasive precedent is not completely binding on a court but may be applied. For eg. a. Decisions of English courts lower in the hierarchy. For eg, the House of Lords may follow a Court of Appeal decision, and the Court of appeal may follow a High Court decision, even though not strictly bound to do so. b. Decisions made by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. c. Decisions made in the courts in Scotland, Ireland, the Commonwealth (especially Australia, Canada and New Zealand), and the USA. These decisions are usually cited specially where there is a shortage or absolute lack of English authority on a point. d. Obiter dicta of English judges. Judicial precedent enables certainty in the law as its detailed. It helps in forecasting the decision only by looking at the existing precedents. The uniformity in the law enables to treat similar cases in the same way which in turn helps to give the system a sense of justice and to make the system acceptable to the public. However, it may lead to some difficulties in deciding what the ratio decidendi is, mainly when there are a number of reasons. As it is not a set of binding rules, the system limits the growth of the law and can create injustice in individual cases. Hundreds of cases are reported each year, making it hard to find the relevant precedent which should be followed and thus creates a confusion and becomes too complex with thousands of fine distinctions. If judicial precedent was a set of binding rules like statutory law it would have not been that flexible. Therefore from the above discussion, we can conclude that, it is crystal clear that the judicial precedent is based on the real facts and situations, unlike legislation or statutory laws where the law is created. Judicial precedent is practical in nature, and therefore it becomes more flexible. Thus we get number of ways to avoid precedents which allows the system to change and to adapt to new situations referring through a wealth of cases. Thus, judicial precedent is best understood as a practice of the courts and not as a set of binding rules. As a practice it could be refined or changed by the courts as they wish.

Ethics/Legal/IEP Essay -- essays papers

Ethics/Legal/IEP Essay In the treatment of those individuals labeled as disabled, be it physically, mentally, or a combination thereof, we are faced with many challenging ethical questions. The first and foremost of these is, what is ultimately, â€Å"the right thing to do.† While we may or may not agree on the answer to this question, as well as those that follow, many advances have been made in our society to deal with disabled individuals in the most humane and ethical way possible. What is the right thing to do? Is there an ultimate resolution? In 1975, Public Law (PL) 94-142 was passed. This law has several parts, each pertaining to a different aspect of discrimination, or nondiscrimination, of disabled persons. This law was passed in hopes of avoiding not only the horrific scenarios found in Nazi propaganda films such as Selling Murder, but further to guarantee all disabled individuals a fair chance at life: to live to the fullest extent of their capabilities and fulfill their potentials. In the film, Selling Murder, Nazi officials convey to the public that disabled people are a threat to the world community, and that they are living a â€Å"life without existence.† It goes further and says that not only should those who are disabled be quarantined and banished from society, but for their own sake they should be sterilized, and ultimately killed. Labeling the mass deaths of disabled persons â€Å"mercy killings,† the film explains how they, the disabled, are unable to function as â€Å"real† human be ings, and that if they had the mental facilities to make the choice, they would choose death over such a menial existence. Showing gruesome photos of the severely physically disfigured, the propaganda seeks not only to convince, but to scare the masses into agreement. On the other hand, films such as Regular Lives demonstrate the ability of disabled individuals not only to survive, but to flourish and better their communities through their own efforts. It demonstrates the necessity to include disabled students in any and all ways possible in order to help them adapt to a social environment as normal as is possible. PL 94-142 states that all disabled students are guaranteed a FAPE (free and public education). With this comes the formulation of an IEP (individualized education plan). This grants students a goal guided objective list for their education. The ... ...ther teacher or administrator to explain evaluation results to those involved. Why does it matter? What is the relevance/necessity of making moral judgments when formulating a course of action? Disabled people have been discriminated through time. They have been played as Jesters for entertainment, banished as havens for evil spirits, and massacred simply for being different. They have been subject even to sterilization, seen as people unfit to breed. We are forced to ask ourselves- why then, does it matter? Hardman states on page 52, â€Å"Social justice and equality for all people should be of paramount importance in the design and delivery of all curricula.† Fair and equal treatment of disabled persons matters because they, like all other citizens of this country, are people. They are born in this country with the guarantee that they will be granted â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.† With this in mind, it is our moral and ethical obligation to â€Å"hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are [indeed] created equal.† This country was founded on these beliefs, and as we continue our progress forward with laws such as PL 94-142, we support this creed.

My Favorite Player Essay

I have been an ardent admirer of a number of past and present athletes and sportsmen each of whom have won accolades for his outstanding skill in and grasp on a particular sport. They include renowned personalities from India and abroad who have outshone themselves in games and sports like boxing, diving, swimming, weightlifting, archery, badminton, cricket, hockey, tennis etc. Among the sportsmen who have impressed me a lot at one time or the other, the main names are of Mohammad Ali (Cassius Clay), Jaysuriya, Imran Khan, Nawab Pataudi, Sunl Gavaskar, Kapil Dev, Sachin Tendulkar, Prakash Padukone, Gopi Chand, P.T. Usha, Jaspal Rana, Capriati and Milkha Singh, also known as the Flying Singh. But the brightest star in the galaxy of all these famous names is Sachin Tendulkar, a present-day craze amongst the cricket lovers all over the world. He is an astonishing wizard of this highly popular game and has already got his name recorded amongst the four leading names of top batsmen. They are Sir Vivian Richards, Garfield Sobers, Graemen Pollock and, of course, Tendulkar. While on the field, he seems to be possessed by the All Powerful. Owing to his form, unusual game and great capacity to outmaneuver his opponents, his friends admire him in reverence; his rivals lose their guts and stamina at his sight; youngsters adore him and the elderly shower their blessings on him. Leaving his past record-breaking performances aside, we can mention his latest surprises at Centurion in South Africa for assuring his team the entry into the Super Six in the World Cup. With 98 off 75 at a terrific speed, he put India through to the Super Six and Pakistan out of the World Cup. The same day, he completed 12,000 runs in ODIs and became the first to make 1500 runs in the history of the World Cup. The Master Blaster tamed Akhtar in less than two over and left everyone speechless with his stunning assault. The happiest crowning moment in Sachin’s career was witnessed in Johannesburg, South Africa, on Sunday, March 23, 2003. It was the closing day of World Cup Jamboree, where the Master Blaster was given the prestigious the man of the tournament award. He had scored 673 runs at an average of 61.18 in the tournament, a new record aggregate, with one century and six 50s. Dr. Ali Bacher, Executive director of CWC 2003, had correctly remarked, â€Å"We wanted this to be the Best World Cup ever, and Sachin’s brilliant batting has helped the tournament captivate many millions of people around the cricketing world.† Sachin is a rare gem for his innumerable fans all over the world. He is one of the youngest players, is exceptionally smart and agile, is quick in his response and has unusual physical talents. He has outstanding balance, is highly competitive, has rare speed and is gifted with exceptional temperament. He has the desire to be the best and has unmatchable mental ability. He plays well against quality, pace and spins. His clashes with Shane Warne in Australia have provided some excellent theatre. His record in the past games is just superb which makes him a true champion in the world of cricket in the real sense.

Luxury Fashion Brand Essay

To be successful in India, it is both necessary to gauge the financial potential as well as the mindset of the Indian luxury consumer. This will help in bringing forth the right product offerings to the Indian consumer as well as targeting them better. There are conventional foundations for ensuring success of a brand and they are listed below in brief: * The brand must be â€Å"expansive† – Which means it should be full of innovation opportunities for the marketer and in terms of satisfying the different needs of the luxury consumer. * The brand must tell a story – One of the best ways for an organization to compete and distinguish yourself from the rest of the pack is to tell your brand story. The story should be so powerful that it should make customer act as the way you want. * The brand must be relevant to the consumers’ needs – Depending upon the mindset of the luxury class, it is necessary for a brand to satisfy those needs, whether they be for recognition or functional use etc. * The brand must align with consumers’ values – A brand that does not concur with the basic values of a consumer’s society has a small chance of succeeding because luxury items are identification for a luxury consumer. This makes it difficult for the consumer to adopt the brand in such cases. * The brand must perform – Irrespective of which category the brand belongs to, a performance assurance is a must for the brand. Based on the inputs given above as well as an understanding of the decision making process of the luxury consumer, we recommend the following paths for luxury marketers based on what Indian consumers really desire from their luxury brands, i. e. product brand, dealer/store brand and price/value relationship : (The price / value relationship has been accorded less focus since the Indian Consumer is at a phase when cost of luxury is secondary to its appeal / benefits) 1. Brand Me Affluent! – It is essential for marketers to ensure that the recognition value of their brands is always high so that it lends a sense of affluence to the consumer, which can only come if others around him / her perceive the brand to be a top-notch luxury brand. This can come from either being aligned with the most successful celebrities or being a part of elite events and promotions. 2. Nothing but the Best – This is a golden opportunity for the marketer to earn greater margins by adding customized value to his line of luxury goods. These added-value customized goods will ensure that the customer feels he has something more than just the ordinary range of luxury goods available. 3. Luxury is having the world at my fingertips – First! – A luxury marketer will not only have to be faster than his competitors in reaching out to the consumer, to gain a share of wallet but also continuously offer innovative products that serve to differentiate between the consumers. 4. â€Å"Ethnic Chic† – The Fusion of Local & Global goods – This point is connected to the strategy of a product being in line with the consumers’ values for it to be adopted. Apart from this, in the Indian context, ethnicity is also a fashion statement in many product categories. 5. You Think I’m Demanding? Next! – The marketer’s job should be a constant endeavor to offer newer luxury goods to the consumer, in sync with their needs. In addition to that, marketers will need to make sure that each and every single consumer has to be treated with a high-level of personalized attention, given the nature of the product and the consumer. Even minor Shortfalls in this case will have the consumer shifting their brand preferences to those marketers who can satisfy their needs better. 6. CANNIBALIZATION OF BRANDS – It thus becomes essential to ensure that successful celebrities are partnered with at the right time, thereby both eliminating chances of Competition as well as delivering the right aspirational / appeal message to the intended audience. Conclusion The starting point for identifying successful luxury brand strategies in India has been established by identifying certain salient aspects of luxury brands that remain constant as well as identifying the stage of mindset of the Indian consumer towards these brands. The focus is now towards ‘how soon’ luxury brands will enter the market to gain a first mover advantage, which is of significant importance in India. Apart from how soon, we primarily focus on ‘how will’ luxury brands cater to the mainly aspirational needs of the Indian consumer. A word of caution that goes for luxury marketers, irrespective of their brands and Geographical presence – The luxury consumer is always looking for newer ways to Satisfy his continuously changing needs. Hence, the need to keep a close tab through insightful research is of prime importance. As far as India is concerned, given the rapidly accelerating affluence of the Masses, the scenario is set to witness a boom. The ones who will be riding the Wave will be the ones who’ve kept their ears open to each and every word of their Each and every customer. After all, in the luxury business, no marketer can afford the luxury of treating its consumers as a loosely bunched segment.